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APHTHAE

Aphthous Stomatitis: What You Need to Know

In this article from our Dental Glossary, we will discuss Aphthous Stomatitis.

Aphthous ulcers are inflammatory sores in the oral mucosa. They are quite common and typically appear on the palate, tongue, or inside the cheeks. They are oval or round in shape and rarely exceed one centimeter in diameter. They are surrounded by an irritated and reddened border and are often associated with intense pain and a sensation of a foreign body. Aphthous ulcers are not contagious.

What Are Aphthous Ulcers and How Do They Form?

Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores or aphthous stomatitis, are small painful sores that develop inside the mouth, typically on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, lips, tongue, or soft palate. These ulcers can vary in size and may be white or gray with a red border. They can occur individually or in clusters.

The exact causes of aphthous ulcers are not fully understood, but they may include local trauma, stress, hormonal changes, food allergies, vitamin deficiencies (such as vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid), or reactions to certain medications. Aphthous ulcers are not contagious and generally heal on their own within one to two weeks without leaving scars.

If the ulcers become particularly bothersome or persistent, it is recommended to consult a doctor or dentist to evaluate potential treatments for pain relief or to speed up the healing process.

How Are Aphthous Ulcers Treated?

Aphthous ulcers typically heal on their own within one to two weeks without requiring specific treatments. However, there are some remedies and treatments that can help alleviate pain and accelerate the healing process:

  1. Topical Products: Various gels or ointments are available at pharmacies that can be applied directly to the surface of the ulcer to reduce pain and promote healing. These products may contain ingredients such as lidocaine for pain relief, or anti-inflammatory agents like benzocaine or the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide to reduce inflammation.
  2. Saltwater Rinses: Rinsing the mouth with a solution of water and salt can help reduce inflammation and promote the healing of the ulcers.
  3. Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: If the ulcer causes significant pain, over-the-counter analgesics such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken to relieve discomfort.
  4. Avoid Irritating Foods: During the period when an ulcer is present, it’s advisable to avoid foods and beverages that may further irritate the mouth’s mucosa, such as spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods.
  5. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing teeth carefully and using an alcohol-free mouthwash can help prevent additional infections and promote healing.

If the aphthous ulcers are particularly severe, recurrent, or do not respond to home remedies, it is advisable to consult a doctor or dentist for further treatment options, such as antiviral medications or prescribed corticosteroids. In some cases, tests may be needed to rule out other underlying conditions.